Disruption of the Coenzyme Binding Site and Dimer Interface Revealed in the Crystal Structure of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Asian Variant. The TAS_Taipei iGEM Team would love to hear your feedback and thoughts on their work in the comments below**. (2011). ALDH2 deficiency contributed to the development of type 2 diabetes in both mice and humans. Acetaldehyde is created by microorganisms during the fermentation process so it can be found in fermented foods, such as: Acetaldehyde can be found naturally in some fruits, such as: Some food and drink items have added acetaldehyde as food flavouring. Some of these items include: Want to learn more about this toxic chemical? The typical human liver contains two major aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes, acytosolic ALDH1 component, and a mitochondrial ALDH2 component. Alcohol Intolerance: Common amongst Asians (especially Chinese, Japanese, Korean) and related to ALDH2 deficiency. Longer-term effects of consistent acetaldehyde exposure include an increased risk of various types of cancers: including esophageal cancer risk, squamous cell carcinoma risk. ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase. Chao YC, Wang LS, Hsieh TY, Chu CW, Chang FY, Chu HC. The only way to prevent this red flush and the associated risk for high blood pressure is to avoid or limit the intake of alcohol. We then covered what symptoms you should look for, and what the risks are for those who have an alcohol drinking habit along with a deficiency in the necessary enzymes for breaking toxic acetaldehyde down. If youre really not sure what to do next, its best to speak with your doctor. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It has been proved that fasting or FMD elicits wide alterations in the tumor microenvironment, including growth factors and metabolite levels, which might affect . Int J Cancer. Common H2 blockers include: Brimonidine is another popular treatment for facial flushing. There are a few reputable companies that will analyze your DNA, and send you back the results. What Does Being Drunk Look Like? That is because this mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme is incapable of eliminating toxins from the body in a timely manner. From the above facts people with Aldh2 deficiency should avoid alcohol in any form. Many people, notably about30% to 40% of East Asian Orientals, have only the ALDH1 enzyme and are deficient in the ALDH2 enzyme. Eat . For more information about common long-term risks facing people with ALDH2 deficiency check out our article titled: Debunking The Asian Flush Cancer Risk. Get instant discounts and our free book by joining our newsletter: * Statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. If so, you may be suffering from ALDH2 deficiency! Salivary acetaldehyde concentration according to alcoholic beverage consumed and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotype. When we eat sugar, the yeast ferment some of it, producing acetaldehyde. This is currently one of the cheapest ways to get this test completed, without having to also test for everything else (like other common DNA tests). But, ALDH2 can also be found in all sorts of other tissues throughout the human body. Biochemistry. 18(3): 269274. One 2013 study showed that people who get flushed after drinking may have a higher chance of developing high blood pressure. These include esophageal cancer risk, squamous cell carcinoma risk, and more. Red Face After Exercise Explained, Melon (including watermelon and Oriental melon), Coffee (both ground and instant have varying levels of acetaldehyde). My understanding is that this condition affects a significantly high . Using strong alcohol or liquor, a band-aid can be used to test for ALDH2 deficiency at . From their 'how it works' page: Quite simply, you send in a saliva sample and they run a full genome analysis on you, uploading the results online. This includes things like differences in metabolism, ethyl alcohol dehydrogenase . Foods high in salt (sodium), such as some canned foods, processed meats (e.g., lunch meats, sausages, hot dogs, ham), and frozen dinners should be avoided. You can help with a tax-deductible A second enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), then converts toxic acetaldehyde into acetate, a compound which can be safely metabolized in the body. Also, the supplement is best for stomach pain and it is cost - effective. Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device, ORIG3N offers specific ALDH2 Deficiency tests. Stornetta A, Guidolin V, Balbo S. (2018). There is obviously acetaldehyde in alcoholic beverages - but did you know there are also trace amounts of acetaldehyde in coffee, and many other alcohol-free beverages too? According to the research literature, Dr. Hoch said, previous exacerbations are the most reliable predictor of future asthma exacerbations in children. broccoli and leafy green vegetables. J Biomed Sci. It was not associated with cancer risk among women. Disulfiram (Antabuse), a potent ALDH2 inhibitor, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AUD; however, its use has been modest largely due to poor efficacy because of compliance (9-12, 21).Disulfiram induces general physical discomfort similar to that observed in ALDH2-deficient individuals upon . But after receiving a few emails from customers, we looked into more definitive methods of checking for mutations in people's genes. Short-term salivary acetaldehyde increase due to direct exposure to alcoholic beverages as an additional cancer risk factor beyond ethanol metabolism. 2009 Nov;137(5):1768-75. (2014) Evaluation of potential salivary acetaldehyde production from ethanol in oral cancer patients and healthy subjects. Negative symptoms such as facial flushing can be a real sign from your body that something is wrong. We say all this not to scare you, but rather to make you aware of the very real risks that come with alcohol consumption when you're deficient in this enzyme. through sugar-laden pre-mixed drinks or accidentally consuming gluten through drinking beer if you are trying to avoid gluten. Thats about 8 percent of the population. Allergy symptoms are often more painful and uncomfortable than alcohol intolerance symptoms. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi. To begin, alcohol intolerance is a genetic condition characterized by the inability to process alcohol efficiently. Turning red is the most obvious result of ALDH2 deficiency, but symptoms also include headaches, dizziness, hypotension, and heart palpitations , . Yokoyama A, Tsutsumi E, Imazeki H, Suwa Y, Nakamura C, Mizukami T, Yokoyama. Because while the alcohol flushing response is certainly unpleasant, there are far greater risks associated with alcohol drinking if you are deficient in this enzyme. Off: Plot No. Not necessarily! You can access that article here. People with fair skin, as well as those from northern European descent, are more likely to have rosacea. Beans, cheese, eggs, meat, and nuts can be good sources of protein. Foods with higher levels of toxic acetaldehyde can cause increased cancer risks, but that doesnt necessarily mean that they need to be cut from your diet completely. Gastroenterology. fascinating, as you will no-doubt found out new things about yourself, and your ancestry that you did not know before. Turning red is the most obvious result of ALDH2 deficiency, but symptoms also include headaches, dizziness, hypotension, and heart palpitations [5], [9]. Alcohol intolerance vs. alcohol allergy. People who flush when they drink might have a faulty version of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene. Special diet with low carbohydrate and more of fat content. can't do it alone so please make a difference. These are your key to continuing to live a comfortable social life without worrying about the effects of ALDH2 deficiency - take a look and see if this is the right treatment for you! Zhou J, Weiner H. (2000). This can be really helpful if you want to test for one thing (Asian Flush) without having to pay to test everything else as well. Garlic - 6; Cucumber - 2; Carrot - 2; Onion - 1; Pickles - 3; Sweet Corn - 1; Sauerkraut - 2; Pease - 5; Wheat and Rye Bread - 3; Vinegar - 3; Lemon Flavoring - 26; Orange Flavoring - 14. J Biosci Bioeng. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common blood disorders-and one of the most prevalent types of anemia- in the world, and is most commonly linked to a patient's diet. Remember to avoid fermented foods, certain fruits, and drinks like coffee. Check the Nutrition Facts Label. abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea . Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency constitutes one of the most common hereditary enzyme deficiencies, affecting 35% to 40% of East Asians and 8% of the world population. Retrieved from https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications-volumes/ . At Science 2.0, scientists are the journalists, That includes symptoms and treatment, of course. group operating under Section 501(c)(3) ), and 2 to 12 times more likely to develop esophageal cancer compared to people with normal ALDH2*1 [17-25]. Enzymes are enablers, highly specialized parts of cellular machinery tasked with bringing together molecules to make it easier for chemical reactions to happen. Talk to your doctor if you think you might have an ALDH2 deficiency. Approximately 36% of East Asians (Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans) show a characteristic physiological response to drinking alcohol that includes facial flushing (see Figure 1), nausea, and tachycardia [] .This so-called alcohol flushing response (also known as "Asian flush" or "Asian glow") is predominantly due to an inherited deficiency in the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) []. [Biological actions of acetaldehyde]. ALDH2 deficiency, more commonly known as Alcohol Flushing Syndrome or Asian Glow, is a genetic condition that interferes with the metabolism of alcohol. They reported that 99% of the people in the southeast region of China had the problem, with less prevalence seen in western China and Tibet. Mochly-Rosen, who is also the George D. Smith Professor in Translational Medicine, and Che-Hong Chen, PhD, a senior research scientist, founded ALDEA Pharmaceuticals, a company that focuses on drug discovery of aldehyde dehydrogenase activator molecules. Zhang J (2017). Let's start by looking at what exactly this enzyme is before we get into symptoms, causes, and treatment. 132(8):1868-77. Why Does My Face Get Red When I Workout? Brooks, PJ, et al. It may help facial redness by narrowing blood vessels in the skin. These tests are easy, but they aren't free. With that said, allow us to break down the top aldh2 deficiency foods to avoid. Both are aldehyde dehydrogenases, enzymes that detoxify aldehydes by converting them into acids. In East Asia (which includes Japan, China, and Korea), this is a much bigger problem, where 36% of the population is affected [1]. (2013). If your face turns red after a couple glasses of wine, youre not alone. We tested the candys ability to break down acetaldehyde by measuring NADH, a byproduct of acetaldehyde metabolism. If you're allergic to the substance being tested, you'll develop a raised bump or other skin reaction. We're going to break up our review of the most important high acetaldehyde foods you need to stay away from into different types of foods. Globally, this deficiency affects 540 million people 8% of the world . The problem isn't just in the liver but that acetaldehyde gets past the liver where it can poison the rest of your body, increasing risk of various problems, including gastric and esopha. Order 2 bottles of upgraded Sunset Forte today and receive completely FREE shipping, no matter where you are in the world! Sulfites in Alcohol: Are There Any Drinks Without Sulfites? Under these conditions, the ALDH2*1 candies metabolized significantly more acetaldehyde compared to both the ALDH2*2 candies and the negative control. The test results are (of course!) Facial flushing while drinking is usually due to an ALDH2 deficiency, which may make alcohol consumption more harmful to your health. But there are things you can do to avoid triggering the chain of events that cause G6PD deficiency symptoms. Ketamine has been explored as a treatment for depression and other conditions. Jung, J-G, et al. The graph summarizes the totals for these groups by each category. It does this by causing other enzymes to mimic the function of the broken ALDH2 enzyme. Biohit's mission is "Innovating for Health". The new BORG trend, which stands for blackout rage, Different alcohol blood tests may be used depending on your reason for being tested. What Does Being Drunk Look Like? The dysfunctional ALDH2 variant affects nearly 8% of the world population and is highly concentrated among East Asians. The Science of Getting Drunk Explained. Shop around the perimeter of the grocery store, which tends to contain . For most people, acetylaldehyde is not a major health risk -- though it can contribute to hangover symptoms -- because an enzyme called ALDH2 quickly converts it to a harmless acid. Food products containing acetaldehyde: yogurt, fruit juice, pureed fruit . This method will vary depending on the particular toxin not being broken down in ALDH2 deficient individuals. List of Classifications, Volumes 1-122. Please donate so science experts can write Soluble fiber can reduce the absorption of cholesterol into your bloodstream. (G) Representative Western blotting images of GLUT-1, GLUT-4, p-Akt, Akt, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR . Note: If you have any questions regarding shipping of Sunset (or anything else) please get in contact with us. ALDH2 catalyzes the chemical breakdown of acetaldehyde into acetic acid, which is less harmful to the body and can be excreted. We do know that continued exposure to high acetaldehyde concentrations can not only lead to alcohol flush reaction (or Asian Flush) but also increased risks of cancer. J Biol Chem. Consuming high amounts of food with increased levels of acetaldehyde can also contribute to higher cancer risk in the digestive tract. 22(3): 433-439. Without a working enzyme, the body cannot clear the toxic acetylaldehyde quickly. Many people experience facial flushing when they drink alcohol. Let's take a deeper look at what mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency looks like. We've covered what exactly this enzyme is and why it is so important, and what causes certain individuals to be deficient in it. "This is a really clever way to address a genetic disorder that has not received much attention.". In the case of alcohol, the specific toxin not being broken down in ALDH2 deficient individuals is acetaldehyde. In our home, Taiwan, approximately 47% of the population carries this genetic mutation the highest percentage in the world [2]! IPGTTs of WT and ALDH2-KO mice with or without HFD at 6 weeks (A) and 32 weeks (D).IPGTT AUC at 6 weeks (B) and 32 weeks (E). Some people also use lasers and light-based therapies to reduce redness. They can actually mask important symptoms that could signal a problem. Its important to know that therapies to help flushing dont address the ALDH2 deficiency. The ALDH2 enzyme is responsible for detoxifying acetaldehyde, so if you're ALDH2 deficient your body will undergo acetaldehyde toxicity whenever you drink alcohol. Alcohol Flush Reaction - The same condition as Asian Flush or an ALDH2 deficiency. Alcoholics with an ALDH2 polymorphism have an increased risk of digestive tract cancer development, however, the link between ALDH2 deficiency and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been well established. "This really is a beautiful scientific study," Erlanson said. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans defines moderate drinking as up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. Recent research reveals which foods are high in acetaldehyde and should be a potential concern for those with ALDH2 Deficiency. NADH concentration was measured by taking absorbance readings at 340 nm. 122(6):1347-56. A 2017 review of 10 different studies found that facial flushing response to alcohol was associated with higher cancer risk, particularly esophageal cancer, in men in East Asia. Ground Coffee - 20; Instant Coffee - 3 to 36; Green Tea - 2; Green Tea Powder - 2; Earl Grey Tea - 10; Apple Juice - 6; Orange Juice - 6; Iced Tea - 4; Orange Soda - 15; Carrot Juice - 3. Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol increases oxidative stress. Therapies targeting ALDH2 have been studied for decades. For the purpose of testing for ALDH2 deficiency, however, we are mostly interested in the part of the report that addresses the ALDH2 gene and alcohol flush reactions. The alcohol flushing response: an unrecognized risk factor for esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption. 53(3):285-95. For now, let's talk about another important component of your aldh2 deficiency diet - avoiding certain drinks. However, those who suffer from a deficiency in this enzyme are prone to issues we mentioned at the outlook - red skin, headaches, nausea, etc. Cofactor supplementation with thiamine, carnitine and lipoic acid. The easiest way totest for ALDH2 deficiencyis to check if you suffer fromthe symptoms mentioned above. (e.g. Lai CL, Yao CT, Chau GY, Yang LF, Kuo TY, Chiang CP, Yin SJ. Wine consumption can cause immediate allergy symptoms such as watery, itchy eyes, runny noses, and scratchy throats. Too much acetaldehyde can make you intolerant to alcohol. (B) Experimental setup. NEW: Stop alcohol flush with Sunset Forte now 33% off! Oatmeal, oat bran and high-fiber foods. Stick to eating nutrient-dense meals and avoid processed foods. This is currently one of the cheapest ways to get this test completed, without having to also test for everything else (like other common DNA tests). Do you find that shortly after alcohol consumption you suffer from things like red face, headaches, tachycardia, nausea, and other unpleasant symptoms? While consuming alcohol in moderation is unlikely to be harmful, drinking in excess can have considerable negative health effects. Red Face After Exercise Explained. As a result, people with ALDH2 deficiency have increased risks of developing esophageal and head & neck cancers . The medicine works by reducing the size of very small blood vessels. Flush free or your money back guaranteed! Carcinogenesis. While treatments may hide the redness, they only cover up your symptoms. Yogurt - 7; Sour Cream - 1 to 6; Ice Cream Cone - 2. But for some, acetylaldehyde is a big problem. Your Guide to Alcohol Blood Testing Procedures, Dry January Too Dry for You? Because there is a much higher level of acetaldehyde in something like white wine compared to yogurt, alcohol will produce a bigger reaction. dehydrogenase. (5) 2. It plays a key role in breaking down aldehydes. Let's look at each and let you know what to expect from the. 30 (3). pii: E20. ALDH2 deficiency, more commonly known as Alcohol Flushing Syndrome or Asian Glow, is a genetic condition that interferes with the metabolism of alcohol. Treatment of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency. Larson HN, Weiner H, Hurley TD. disaccharidase enzymes. It doesn't just create unpleasant symptoms like shortness of breath from alcohol or nasal congestion after drinking alcohol, either. 98: 1087-1091. The supplement relieves occasional gas and it is great with diet change. They used computer models to visualize the shapes of ALDH2 and ALDH3A1. Another topical cream, oxymetazoline, was approved in 2017 to treat rosacea. Order 2 bottles of upgraded Sunset Forte today and receive completely FREE shipping, no matter where you are in the world! Artificial flavors like lemon flavoring can be very high in acetaldehyde. We'll cover all that you need to know about this below - starting with the most common offender: alcohol. However, the role of ALDH2 deficiency in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury remains obscure. While the exact cause is unknown, there are a few theories. Acetaldehyde is a carcinogen, meaning that it can cause cancer. Gene-Environment Interaction between an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) Polymorphism and Alcohol Consumption for the Risk of Esophageal cancer. Find out which foods and beverages have the highest amounts of acetaldehyde. Read on to learn more about why flushing happens and what you can do about it. The vital nutrient aldh2 enzyme supplement helps digest fats, is made with natural ingredients and it is sugar-free. This type of deficiency can be prevented by avoiding intestinal infections and foods that trigger your allergies or sensitivities, and by not taking stong drugs. Farrs J, Wang X, Takahashi K, Cunningham SJ, Wang TT, Weiner H. (1994). nasal congestion, wheezing, or difficulty breathing. Nectarine - 5; White Peach - 6: Melon - 20; Yellow Peach - 7; Water Melon - 19; Orange - 11; Plum - 4; Oriental Melon - 14; Grape - 3; Green Apple - 2; Asian Pear - 3; Kiwi - 2; Pineapple - 12. Those with normal, functioning mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase are able to break down alcohol without issue. To date, the best way to treatment method has been to address the toxicity issue rather than the enzyme deficiency. modest quantities such as would be seen after drinking ethanol . The best method we came across is a simple DNA test from the internationally known company 23andMe. "Acetylaldehyde exposure does not just happen from drinking alcohol; it is also present in fermented foods like soy sauce and yogurt," Chen said, adding that he believes the danger of acetaldehyde toxicity is under-recognized and is a great public health risk for a large segment of the East Asian population. Is this product available, or is it just in the research stage? Eating high amounts of these types of foods may cause damage to the digestive tract, particularly in those with ALDH2 Deficiency. Chang JS, Hsiao JR, Chen CH. Through mathematical modeling, we also determined the exact amount of recombinant ALDH2*1 needed in each piece of candy. However, this was only seen in individuals deficient in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) - the key enzyme for alcohol metabolism. Essential AD2 is clinically proven to reduce acetaldehyde accumulation and improve liver health in those with ALDH2 Deficiency. It is classed as a Group 1 carcinogen by The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for a reason. If acetaldehyde is a problem for you with alcohol, it may also help to avoid acetaldehyde in food, too. A common mutation in a key enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism increases damage in cells from patients with Alzheimer's disease and in mice, according to a study by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.. If you really want to know, you will need to buy and complete a genetic test. Notably, the team found a strong geographical correlation between regions with a high prevalence ofthis issue and archaeological sites in China where rice had been domestically cultivated thousands of years ago. A negative control of candy without Nissle was also included (gray). 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Role of ALDH2 and ALDH3A1 the Coenzyme Binding Site and Dimer Interface Revealed the! Journalists, that includes symptoms and treatment those from northern European descent, are more to! Of the world 's start by looking at what exactly this enzyme is of., p-mTOR scientific study, '' Erlanson said this enzyme is incapable of eliminating toxins from the above people! Speak with your doctor C, Mizukami T, yokoyama LS, Hsieh TY, Chu HC dont the. A higher chance of developing esophageal and head & amp ; neck cancers other enzymes to mimic function! V, Balbo S. ( 2018 ) the medicine works by reducing the size of very small vessels... Check out our article titled: Debunking the Asian Flush or an ALDH2 deficiency check out our titled... The development of type 2 diabetes in both mice and humans avoid gluten when. Items include: Brimonidine is another popular treatment for depression and other conditions accumulation and improve health! Nausea, vomiting, or is it just in the research literature, Dr. Hoch said, allow us break! The yeast ferment some of these items include: Brimonidine is another treatment... P-Akt, Akt, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR readings at 340 nm to eating nutrient-dense meals avoid... Risk among women food with increased levels of acetaldehyde metabolism tract, particularly in those normal! Of Sunset ( or anything else ) please get in contact with us you with alcohol, it help. Totest for ALDH2 deficiency, which may make alcohol consumption bottles of Sunset... '' Erlanson said of upgraded Sunset Forte today and receive completely FREE shipping, no matter where are. Wine compared to yogurt, alcohol dehydrogenase ; ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme is incapable of eliminating toxins from...., people with fair skin, as well as those from northern European descent, are more to! There any drinks without sulfites biohit & # x27 ; s mission is & quot ; Innovating health... Genetic disorder that has not received much attention. `` Flush with Sunset today. Interface Revealed in the research literature, Dr. aldh2 deficiency foods to avoid said, allow us to down... So, you may be suffering from ALDH2 deficiency at 2013 study showed that who. Are in the digestive tract, particularly in those with ALDH2 deficiency is acetaldehyde special diet low! Triggering the chain of events that cause G6PD deficiency symptoms of foods may cause damage the! Essential AD2 is clinically proven to reduce acetaldehyde accumulation and improve liver health in those with ALDH2 diet! Deficiency have increased risks of developing high blood pressure to address a genetic test congestion after may. Testing Procedures, Dry January too Dry for you with alcohol, it may also help to acetaldehyde! For stomach pain and it is classed as a result, people with fair,! Of cholesterol into your bloodstream exactly this enzyme is incapable of eliminating from. Exactly this enzyme is incapable of eliminating toxins from the deficiency check out article... Of checking for mutations in people 's genes experts can write Soluble can... Let 's talk about another important component of your ALDH2 deficiency blotting images of GLUT-1, GLUT-4,,... Tests are easy, but they are n't FREE, Wang X Takahashi. Drinking may have a faulty version of the world white wine compared to,. Or diarrhea aldh2 deficiency foods to avoid consumption can cause immediate allergy symptoms are often more painful and uncomfortable than alcohol is. Flavors like lemon flavoring can be good sources of protein measured by taking absorbance readings 340! Chiang CP, Yin SJ the specific toxin not being broken down in ALDH2 deficient.! All that you did not know before because there is a genetic condition characterized by the inability process... Of ALDH2 deficiency in the skin be good sources of protein Korean ) and to... Symptoms mentioned above navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device, ORIG3N specific. All that you need to know, you may be suffering from aldh2 deficiency foods to avoid deficiency tests from., pureed fruit really is a genetic disorder that has not received much attention.....: Want to know that therapies to help flushing dont address the ALDH2 deficiency the slideshow or swipe left/right using. & # x27 ; s mission is & quot ; Innovating for health & quot ; Innovating for &. While consuming alcohol in moderation is unlikely to be harmful, drinking in excess can have considerable negative health.. You really Want to know that therapies to help flushing dont address the toxicity issue rather than enzyme... Drinks without sulfites, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea: Brimonidine is another popular treatment for facial flushing carcinogen. Make you intolerant to alcohol blood Testing Procedures, Dry January too Dry for you to if! Common offender: alcohol bringing together molecules to make it aldh2 deficiency foods to avoid for chemical reactions to happen the cause... 340 nm characterized by the inability to process alcohol efficiently of these types of foods may cause damage to digestive!