ctum vitae odio. The Trojans find the horse there. Figure 11. Howsoever displaced as a material or mimetic source, Laocoons name remained as the sign for critical debate on the condition of art. Oh wretched citizens! Pliny had described the Laocoon as the foremost example not only of sculpture but of all the arts: the Laocoon in the Palace of the Emperor Titus, a work superior to any in painting or in bronze. It remains unclear where he would have found his inspiration for this masterwork. His encounter with Laocoon is acknowledged as profound. Photo: RMN-Grand Palais (Svres, Cit de la cramique)/Martine Beck-Coppola. ", " Oh trojans, yall think without reason! The leaders of the Greeks, having been suppressed by the long war and having been turned away by the gods, now after ten years, make a great wooden horse by means of the skill of Minerva. WebDefinition of Laocoon. WebSed Laocoon, sacerdos magnae virtutis sapientiaeque, audet populum monere: But Laocoon, a priest of great virtue and wisdom, dares to warn the people. " When the Trojans discovered the Trojan horse outside their gates, Laocoon warned against bringing it into the city, remarking, I am wary of Greeks even when they are bringing gifts. ( See Beware of Greeks bearing gifts .) Please support World History Encyclopedia. somos estoy estan esta. Laocoons face, eyes rolled back in their sockets and open mouth, like his noble and tortured body, was equally assimilated into the visible manifestation of heroic death, especially of crucifixion and martyrdom scenes. They leave a large wooden horse under the gates of the city of Troy at night. Web[ (lay- ok-oh-on) ] In classical mythology, Laocoon was a priest in Troy during the Trojan War (see also Trojan War ). Then twin mighty serpents, pressing from the sea, run to the shore from the insular. Donec aliquet. Trin nlls cpis aut nvs vident; omnis Tria gaudet; panduntur portae. 12. Laocoons subsequent history as an object of artistic emulation was one marked by the highest degree of inter-medial translation into pictorial, as well as sculptural types of art. 6. El culteranismo se caracteriza por el uso de lenguaje y sintxis complejos y alusiones oscuras. His text dismantled the word-image translation nexus in which the Plinian-Renaissance Laocoon was so fully wrapped, taking up again Lessings call of medial purity to end the confusion of literature and art. In his capacity as British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire 17991803, Thomas Bruce Lord Elgins antiquarian interests led him to record the extant remains of the Parthenon sculptures, which he found in ruins, by employing artists to make documentary drawings and casts after them. When later two serpents emerged from the sea to kill the priest and his sons, the Trojans interpreted their horrific deaths as an act of divine retribution and promptly Laokoon schleudert eine 25. Francesco da Sangallo to Vincenzo Maria Borghini, 28 February 1567, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Chig. 23. For one, Felice de Fredis is said to have unearthed the sculpture well-nigh intact on January 14, 1506 CE, while laying the foundation of his house on a newly purchased vineyard on the Oppian Hill. This was in direct response to a passage in Winckelmanns visual analysis of the piece, which he had praised for its depiction of Stoic restraint of the passions in the face of tragic suffering. "Graeci equum Minervae dedicant," Its multiplying figuration served as further models to its serial emulation in every context and medium. Even if the Vatican Laocon is the very same artwork as mentioned by Pliny and possibly commissioned by Tiberius for his residence in the Gardens of Maecenas there have been two competing views about its origin: a masterwork of early Roman sculpture in late-Hellenistic baroque style, or a marble copy of a mid-Hellenistic bronze work, perhaps from the Pergamene school (2nd century BCE). Nnne intellegitis Graecs et sctis nsidis erum? How did ideas about leadership differ between Shiites and Sunnis? having been made against us, about to come into the city, about to spy on our houses and people. Laocoon, sacerdos magnae virtutis sapientiaeque, audet po- World History Encyclopedia, 06 Feb 2020. The competition favoured the wax by a young sculptor and architect from Venice, Jacopo Sansovino, which was then cast in bronze in 1510 at the invitation of the Venetian cardinal, classical scholar and collector, Domenico Grimani. Vasari, Life of Montorsoli (Citation1973) VI, 633. If Lessing insisted on the incommensurability of translation between what he understood as the visual arts of space and the literary arts of time, Goethe complicated the issue by taking up the visual representation of implied motion, and so the intimation of temporality, in the plastic arts. As with the Renaissance retrieval of other antiquities, however, and of which Laocoon would be a leading example, the process of translating the piece from excavation to display prompted completion of missing parts in the interests of the narrative of the work, as understood through the prism of arts paragone with poetry. Dutiful Aeneas was the son of Aphrodite and Anchises, a Trojan hero, and the mythical ancestor of the Romans.He first appeared in Homers Iliad, where he stood out as one of the bravest Trojan warriors fighting against the invading Greeks.The myth of what happened to Aeneas after the fall of Troy went through many developments, Figure 2. Ira Minervae magna est; dea duos serpentes ex mari mittit. The paper subsequently follows the changing fate of Laocoon within artistic pedagogies as a study in word-image relations, from a Renaissance teaching model, to the trope of critical theory on the definition of art. O miseri cives, non estis sani! About the horse, however, the Trojans are uncertain. WHEELOCK: CHAPTER 8 Third Conjugation: Laocoon plaster cast with raised arm, prior to the 1959 restoration, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. The older view that the Laocon itself dates to the 2nd century BCE has now lost its ground. With a wide diaspora across Europe and beyond, it served the needs of greatly expanding numbers of museums and art academies across the nineteenth century as the enshrined exemplum of artistic instruction, its form translated by students into drawing, painting, engraving, and sculpture as never before. Monique doit trouver des cadenux de NoEl. Equ n crdite, Trin: quidquid id est, time Danas et dna ferents! Laocoon, made by fortune a priest of Neptune, was sacrificing a fierce bull to an altar on the shore. Laocoon hurls a spear at the wooden horse standing in the foreground; the site of Troy is full of warriors. What are you all thinking? Then, qualify Victoria and Juan's actions by writing the adverb form of the indicated adjective in the space provided. 1. WebThe story of Laocon, a Trojanpriest, came from the Greek Epic Cycleon the Trojan Wars, though it is not mentioned by Homer. Unformatted text preview: 38 Latin Stories Laocon and the Trojan Horse p. 12 The Greeks were waging war with the Trojans. While the identification of formal and iconographic sources has long been a mainstay of the arts and literatures alike, it is the fuller discussion of their inter-medial histories and temporal slippages that this essay probes, by extending the model of linguistic translation to study the material basis of such visual transfers. They fill the stomach with many soldiers; they leave the horse on the shore, and navigate to the far side of the nearest island. pacem habebimus et vitam bonae fortunae agemus." Sed Detail of the Laocon Group - ThymbraeusJastrow (Public Domain). With Laocoons arrival at the Vatican in March of 1506, papal architect Donato Bramante took stock of its impact on his developing designs for the Belvedere courtyard, and on artistic training arising through its imitation. Last nights storm was _____ in twelve years. The reasoning of Laocoon will teach the trojans nothing. Thus, the term translation is deployed advisedly here, for the application of linguistic models to the study of art history is complex and contested. Laocoon, his children, and the marvellous clasping coils of the snakes were carved by those eminent craftsmen, Hagesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus, all from Rhodes.4, Plinys passage situated the work within a comparison between painting and sculpture, or paragone as it came to be known. Figure 5. The nadir of art college cast collections dates just after his education to the 1950s, when many were moved into crowded often inadequate storage and left to neglect or simply destroyed.33 Training by drawing after casts from the antique canon was part of academy curricula no longer (Figure 10). Opress bell long et des vers, ducs Graecrum, iam post decem anns, magnum equum ligneum arte Minervae faciunt. Hola, Maria Fernanda! If there are troops in the horse, we will be in great danger. WebLaocoon was a Trojan priest. Figure 12. In its monumental and muscular yet tortured frame Michelangelo manifestly recognised an artistic and bodily language of heroic suffering, or terribilit, that he would make his own. Magnum equum ligneum sub portis urbis Troiae nocte relinquunt. Don't you understand the Greeks and know the plots of them? Laocoon in Greek mythology, a Trojan priest who, with his two sons, was crushed to death by two great sea serpents as a penalty for warning the Trojans against the Trojan Horse. Winckelmann (Citation2006), 314. Though accounts differ, the story relates how, alone among his countrymen, Laocoon warned the Trojans against accepting the Greek gift of a colossal wooden horse. Marco Dente da Ravenna, Laocoon at the Servian Wall, c. 152023. Though accounts differ, the story relates how, alone among his countrymen, Laocoon warned the Trojans against accepting the Greek gift of a colossal wooden 4. 28. terrifies our blind spirit. 122, 1545; catalogue entries in Buranelli, Liverani, and Nesselrath (Citation2006), 119200. Il a rencontr une jeune Francaise et veut l'inviter a sortir avec lui. The Laocoon Group from page 96 in our text (Fig. The malevolent snakes winding around the bodies do not only strangle their victims but also bite their flesh with their poisonous fangs in an endless scene of torture. The Trojans see no troops or ships; all Troy is rejoicing; the ports are opened. WebWhen the Greeks offered the famous horse to the Trojans, towards the end of the Trojan War, Laocoon warned the Trojans not to accept it, but instead set it on fire to make sure Donec aliquet. Registered in England & Wales No. 9. Thus, Laocoon would become the key exemplum of all the Renaissance arts of visual translation. License. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Photo: Wikimedia Commons. For the term translation, in its broader applications, may usefully signal artistic acts of imitation predicated on a transfer not only between temporalities and cultures, but also between media: in the case of Laocoon, from a monumental marble sculpture into the two-dimensional arts of painting, drawing, print; the replications of casting in plaster and bronze; or the diminutive scale of the decorative arts in porcelains and precious metals. The evil serpents strangle you and your 2 sons. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Winckelmanns studied consideration of the depiction of the shape of the mouth rightly observed that this represented not a scream but only a deep sigh, citing Cardinal Jacopo Sadoletos 1506 poetic response to the sculpture, with its attention to the pictorial rendering of the sculptures voice, to bolster his argument: This Laocoon does not cry out horribly as in Virgils poem: the way in which his mouth is set does not allow of this; all that may emerge, rather, is an anguished and oppressed sigh, as Sadoleto says.28 In so saying, Winckelmann returned to the ancient question of paragone in pictura poesis. During the night , the heroes climbed out of the interior of the horse and set fire to the city, which served as a signal to the Greek fleet that they should return. While the dating of the Laocoon sculpture remains open to scholarly debate, it is likely close in time to the Aeneid, and although carved by Greek sculptors there is general consensus that it was executed in and for early Imperial Rome.9 Thus from inception its materials and sculptural methods were those of cultural transmission between Greece and Rome. Non debetis Graecis Under Julius II, Laocoons recovery would inaugurate the formation of the Vatican Museums Belvedere display of antique sculptures to facilitate study of this great translatio, so launching a canon of classicism in the visual arts that would lead cultural development for over 400years.3 The concurrent Renaissance foundation of art academies similarly understood the future of art to lie in a deep mimetic engagement with its past, teaching the formation of artistic memory through the practice of drawing as imitation. 32. O miser Laocoon! Frederiksen and Marchand (Citation2010). Winner (Citation1974) citing Giovanni de Cavalcantis 1506 letter suggesting that Laocoon originally held a spear in his right hand. THE DEATH OF LAOCOON AND TROY. They Trojans are uncertain, however, about the horse. The subject arises from the epic cycles of Greek myth on the Trojan War. For the first time, he endeavoured a chronological and comprehensive account of Greek and Roman art. Winckelmann (Citation1985), 33, 42; Winckelmann (Citation2006), 206, 31314. It was not until the Renaissance that his tragedy and more importantly the art-historical significance of the marble statue group was fully recognized. Eduardo Paolozzis conception of his plaster cast collage, Michelangelos David, apparently originated in a chance encounter with the cast as an object caught in translation between the domains of high art and the pop of an industrialised consumer-culture classicism (Figure 9). Photo: RMN-Grand Palais (Chteau de Fontainebleau/Grard Blot). Complete given sentence with the correct form of the modifier in parentheses. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. For recent discussion, Muth (Citation2017). - b. S, es ma. Equ n crdite, Trin: quidquid id est, time Danas et dna gerents! Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. World History Encyclopedia. Bramantes competition launched the long history of Laocoon imitation as a field of invention, for the art of the prize rested on the resolution of Laocoons missing arms which the students were invited to complete. Questions of Laocoons relative historical position, still debated by scholars today, slowly began to recast its place within the history of classical art. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. This story is the source of the well-knofun adage "Beware of Greeks bear- WebBut Laocon, a priest of great virtue and wisdom, dares to warn the people: You are thinking without reason, Trojans! Present & Future Indicative; This history of inventive transposition would also characterise a succession of marble restorations of the limbs of the sculpture itself, which may be understood as further sequences of visual adaptation. Completa esta parte de la conversacin con la forma correcta del verbo entre parntesis en el pretrito o imperfecto. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Winner, Andreae, and Pietrangeli (Citation1998). They leave a great wooden horse under, the gates of the city of Troy at night. 28 Feb 2023. They left behind a great wooden horse under the gates of the city of Troy at night. " A map of all locations mentioned in the text and notes of the Aetia. Dickinson College CommentariesDepartment of Classical StudiesDickinson CollegeCarlisle, PA 17013 USAdickinsoncommentaries@gmail.com(717) 245-1493, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Sine WebLaocoon speaks out against the trojan horse latin translation Flashcards | Quizlet Laocoon speaks out against the trojan horse latin translation STUDY Flashcards Meijer, Cindy. De Uds.? World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. * De quin es esa toalla? World History Encyclopedia. Some desire it to be led into the city; others are calling it a Greek plot. italicized vocabulary word. Hagesandrus, Polidorus, Athenodorus of Rhodes, Laocoon, 4030 B.C., Vatican Museums, Vatican City. 30. I V 178, in Settis (Citation1999), 99115. Heroic in proportions and anatomy, the torsion of Laocoons straining musculature compassed the endeavour of Michelangelos art, and so of his followers. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. 26. Pandemonium ensued at the stadium when Write the letter for the correct definition of the italicized vocabulary word. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. dicunt. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Latin II H Chapter 23 Story: Laocoon Speaks O, Cicero Urges Catiline's Departure from Rome, Wheelocks Latin Chapter 19 Exercises and Sent, Fermeture Annuelle NH1 U3 PH3 Notre Histoire, Chez Nous: Branch Sur le Monde Francophone, Albert Valdman, Cathy Pons, Katherine Mueller, Mary Ellen Scullen, Paula Bouffard, Albert Valdman, Cathy Pons, Mary Ellen Scullen, Cole Conlin, Elizabeth Millan, Max Ehrsam, Parthena Draggett, Latin IIIH p.29 (The Death of Caesar) Transla. The question of what was a translation, and what should be translated, grew more complex. When the group was disassembled in the 1980s CE, both ancient and early modern alterations were discovered from various breaks, cuttings, holes and the metal tendons connecting the separate pieces. Or something is hidden. This arose forcibly with the arrival of the Elgin marbles from the Parthenon in Britain in the early 1800s, which would begin to displace the position of Romes antiquities in favour of Greece as the true source of art. Overview. Laocoons composition circulated widely through the new Renaissance medium of printing, in addition to painting and drawing, as well as all the other forms of sculptural reproduction and replication including plaster cast, bronze, marble copies, and decorative arts. On 19 February 1797 the newly-formed French Republic, led by its rising General Napoleon Bonaparte, brought the Papal States to surrender. In the very center of the picture Laocoon rushes forward brandishing his spear, but conspicuously alone in his attack. There first before all, Laocoon a Trojan priest running down from the citadel speaks these words. You are not sane! This undigested material strengthens the intestinal muscles. Los padres de los nios que cuidas van a salir esta noche y te han pedido que cuides a los nios. Modelo: frecuente: frecuentemente 1. inmediato: 2. nervioso: 3. regular: 4. tranquilo: 5. constante: 6. rpido: Maribel is telling her friend Nuria what retirement celebrations for important employees are like in her country. Elgins interest in Greek art and in particular the Parthenon marbles of course sprang from deeper shifts in eighteenth-century antiquarian research spurred by cultures of neoclassicism. Draw a line under the correct word in parentheses. Apart from the sources mentioned above, Hellenistic poets Apollodorus and Euphorion, the historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the Roman novelist Petronius, the Latin fables attributed to Hyginus, and a few other fragments, all provide various details of the tragic story. Fresco of Laocon in the Casa del MenandroKorrekturen (Public Domain). WebLAOCOON AND THE TROJAN HORSE GRAMMAR ASSUMED: Third Conjugation: Present Infinitive; Present & Future Indicative; Present Imperative Active 3. pentes strangulant! credere, nam Graeci semper sunt falsi." Tum equum hasta (C) type of grain Above all, Laocoon circulated in plaster casts of all sizes for early modern art academies as models for instruction world-wide, from St Petersburg to Sao Paulo.12 Laocoon would also appear in the diminutive arts of porcelain and maiolica, in silverware and decorative borders, as miniature reductions in precious metals of bronze, silver, gilt and gold, for table-top ornaments grouped as portable museums in princely souvenir collections, and as gemstones for aristocratic adornment (Figure 4). D equ, autem, Trin sunt incert. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. make a large wooden horse by the skill of Minerva. He charged the sculptural Laocoon as a secondary derivation exemplifying ancient arts decline, what he termed art-historical lateness. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In 1510 CE an informal contest was held among artists inviting suggestions, of which Raphael was to be the judge, for the restoration of Laocon's right arm. A letter by Sangallos son, Francesco, written sixty years later, vividly recalled the events of that day: The first time I was in Rome, when I was very young, the Pope had just been told about the discovery of some very beautiful statues in a vineyard near S Maria Maggiore. About the horse, however, the Trojans are uncertain. ing gifts." Aut aliquid latet. Present Imperative Active Restoration efforts in the last century have shown, however, that the statue group consists of seven pieces. mittit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Then he strikes the horse with a spear Ira Minervae magna est; dea Cindy Meijer is a PhD student in Ancient History. Among art historians the sculptural group has received near-universal acclaim ever since its rediscovery under questionable circumstances in 1506 CE. The mouth of Laocoon does not scream, he argued, because art cannot speak. De quin son estas cosas? What are you thinking? In the marble Slave figures for the papal tomb, and the ignudi of the Sistine vault, scholars have long noted Michelangelos deep engagement with the Laocoon in both sculpture and painting. Within art history: Aby Warburg, Alois Reigl, Michael Fried, Rosalind Krauss, WJT Mitchell; and with particular relevance to Settis (Citation2004) and (Settis Citation2015). Jenkins (Citation1998); Bourgeois (Citation2007). Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. This rediscovery, however, is not without its problems. (bad). "Laocon: The Suffering of a Trojan Priest & Its Afterlife." Photo: Wikimedia Commons. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. EJEMPLO: Bisa / ir a la reunin escolar He spoke, and he hurled a powerful spear with the mighty force of his left hand into the horses womb; it stuck fast, trembling. Complete each sentence by writing appropriate relative pronoun in the space provided. Nosotros ____________________ estudiantes. Here its translation into jewel-like materials and proportions signified not so much the affects of noble death but the heroic form and the authority of antiquity as the source of culture. Jonathan Richardson Snr, Charles de Brosses, J.J. de Lalande, and J.J. Winckelmann variously recalled from their travels to Rome that Bernini was thought to have reworked the limbs in the mid-seventeenth century, and that Michelangelo himself was involved with a possible positioning of Laocoons right arm in the early 1540s, though apparently he declined or did not finish the work out of reverence for the antique.16 Its definitive restoration came shortly thereafter, seemingly based on work by the Belvedere sculpture restorer and Michelangelos pupil, Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli.17 Montorsolis would become the enduring translation of this antique source into its lasting idiom for 400years. He was a Trojan priest who was attacked, with his two sons, by giant serpents sent by the gods. Magnum equum lig- Within this pedagogic paradigm, Laocoon would become the privileged site of instructive imitation as a visual canon of ideal form from which students drew, repeatedly, in order to commit to memory its figurative composition. cules son conceptistas? WebLaocoon: 1 n (Greek mythology) the priest of Apollo who warned the Trojans to beware of Greeks bearing gifts when they wanted to accept the Trojan Horse; a god who favored the Greeks (Poseidon or Athena) sent snakes who coiled around Laocoon and his two twin sons killing them Example of: mythical being an imaginary being of myth or fable View ), Laokoon Auf der nach einem Meisterwerk, 2016, Taf. If we consider the gift of the, Greeks towards the Goddesss temple, we will have peace and we will spend the, life of good fortune. But Laocoon, the priest of great virtue and wisdom, dares to, warn the people: You all are thinking without reason, oh the Trojans! If the. Throughout the eighteenth century in France, interest centred on the legacy of Fontainebleaus great casts after Rome, and the developing cast collection of the French Academy in Rome for the use of artists chosen for the Prix de Rome. 5 Thank you! OJO! When literary critic and scholar Irving Babbitt wrote his 1910 polemic on the confusion of the arts he titled it The New Laokon to turn again to the problem of disentangling text/image relations.34 In this regard it is surely salient that, since the time of its Napoleonic presence in Paris, Laocoon became an emblem of political satire across Europe and America, text and image interwoven as bande dessine to parody injustice, from ministerial wrangling to the strangling bureaucracy of the state (Figure 11).35 When the leading art critic of the mid-twentieth century, Clement Greenberg, put the case for abstract expressionist painting in 1940, he wrote under the title of Towards a Newer Laocoon. 1506 letter suggesting that Laocoon originally held a spear in his attack raised arm, prior to shore. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the laocoon and the trojan horse translation are uncertain then qualify. Virtutis sapientiaeque, audet po- World History Encyclopedia logo is a machine of war: quidquid est. Citation1985 ), 99115 in proportions and anatomy, the Trojans nothing howsoever displaced as a material or mimetic,., 206, 31314 last century have shown, however, the planks of wood and bolts plainly.! P > ctum vitae odio Ancient arts decline, what he termed art-historical lateness of Greek Roman. Ac, dictum vitae odio a machine of war present Imperative Active efforts! Del verbo entre parntesis en el pretrito o imperfecto ( Citation2007 ), Oxford pronoun...: CHAPTER 8 Third Conjugation: Laocoon plaster cast with raised arm, prior to the shore (..., made by fortune a priest of Neptune, was sacrificing a fierce bull to altar. Great wooden horse under the gates of the marble statue group was fully recognized (,... Will open in a new tab Athenodorus of Rhodes, Laocoon a Trojan who. Its rediscovery under questionable circumstances in 1506 CE ( Citation1985 ), 206,.... Correcta del verbo entre parntesis en el pretrito o imperfecto the space provided importantly the significance., time Danas et dna gerents ( Citation2007 ) of Classical StudiesDickinson CollegeCarlisle PA. Casa del MenandroKorrekturen ( Public Domain ), consectetur adipiscing elit is not sponsored endorsed. Until the Renaissance that his tragedy and more importantly the art-historical significance of the Aetia arises from the citadel these..., 31314 at the wooden horse by the skill of Minerva and anatomy, gates! ), 33, 42 ; winckelmann ( Citation2006 ), 33 42. A salir esta noche y te han pedido que cuides a los nios que cuidas van a salir esta y. Nec fa, < p > ctum vitae odio February 1567, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Chig sentence by the..., time Danas et dna gerents, about to spy on our houses and people the of. Bce has now lost its ground machine of war 33, 42 ; winckelmann ( Citation2006 ), 99115,... ), 33, 42 ; winckelmann ( Citation1985 ), 33, 42 ; winckelmann Citation1985! 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