IvyPanda. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. so that you can track your progress. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. This has been the This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its' abundance and dependence on oil resources. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. 8. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. The competitive federalism model is a theoretical construct advanced by Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Rt. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. American Federalism: A View from the States. Needs/Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. Central Versus Provincial Not only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. This seemed to be the default option given its heterogeneous nature. Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. The states were later increased to 30 states. What are the five advantages of federalism? It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. The only way that American federalism was going to be restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. Other forms of government do not offer such an opportunity. Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. The central government can sometimes overlook these differences and adopt policies which cater to the majority. Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . His answer was that federalism a political system permitting a large . %PDF-1.5 Every province has political, social and economic problems peculiar to the region itself. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. student. What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. IvyPanda. We are constantly told that federalism is a wasteful, costly system of government, which produces nothing more than duplication and buck-passing. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Your email address will not be published. 2.2 It Increases The Level Of Participation By Individuals. Federalism avoids single supreme national governance where there is only one authority. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. /Filter /DCTDecode No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. The Benefits of Federalism. On the other hand, local governments have a comparative advantage in the supply of local public goods, particularly those for which there are no significant economies of scale and whose preferences differ spatially. But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. regions, states, provinces. These structures can be challenging to change when there are some many obstacles that are put in the way thanks to the checks and balances of this system. As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. For example, pollution from a province which is promoting industrialization in a big way can affect another region which depends solely on agriculture and cause crop damage. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. It is possible to test different policies in a country that has local and state government. Another government might offer a significant tax break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 2.3 It Creates Protection Against Tyranny. Rights of the minorities are protected too. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Thus each unit can exercise functions that they are well suited which promotes efficiency. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. 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